ubuntu下apt-get 命令参数
ubuntu下apt-get 常用的命令参数
apt-cache search package 搜索包
apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get install package - - reinstall 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装"-f = ――fix-missing"
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-get remove package - - purge 删除包，包括删除配置文件等
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级
apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖
apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖
在国内使用apt-get速度慢的话，可以修改源为国内的，如阿里的源，修改方法：（注意版本代码，如Natty(11.04) ，Precise 是 12.04的代号，Trusty(14.04)）
1、复制原文件备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/source.list /etc/apt/source.list.bak
2、编辑源列表文件
sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list
3、将原来的列表删除，添加如下内容，根据自己的版本号筢对应的区块
中国科学技术大学源：
Trusty(14.04)
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Quantal(12.10)
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Precise(12.04)
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse IT网，http://www.it.net.cn
Oneiric(11.10)
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Natty(11.04) Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
阿里云源：
xenial (16.04)
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
Trusty(14.04)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Quantal(12.10)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Precise(12.04)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Oneiric(11.10)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
Natty(11.04)
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
163源：
Trusty(14.04)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Quantal(12.10)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Precise(12.04)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Oneiric(11.10)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse IT网，http://www.it.net.cn
Natty(11.04)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
sohu源：
Trusty(14.04)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
Quantal(12.10)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ quantal-backports main restricted universe multiverse IT网，http://www.it.net.cn
Precise(12.04) Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse Linux学习，http:// linux.it.net.cn
Oneiric(11.10)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Natty(11.04)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华大学
xenial (16.04)
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
4、运行sudo apt-get update
5、运行sudo apt-get upgrade